An index designed to reflect the movement of the equity market.
Buying and selling the same security on different markets and at different prices.
The price at which a trader is willing to sell a security.
Securities available for carrying out transactions which includes securities which have been purchased but not settled to client account.
When a market as a whole is on a downward trend of falling prices.
The price a trader is willing to pay for a given share.
A mechanism where transfer of securities from seller to buyer occurs on a trade by trade basis but transfer of cash from buyer to seller occurs on a net basis.
Stocks of large leading industry companies which have a stable record of dividend payments and have a reputation of sound fiscal management.
A custody member appointed by borrower for conducting transactions.
When a market as a whole is on a prolonged period of increasing prices.
A trading system where the buyer of a security has to deposit cash in advance of the trade.
A specialist financial institution holding securities either in certificated or uncertificated form, so that ownership can be transferred through a book entry rather than physical transfer of certificates.
All activities pertaining to a security being traded from the moment a commitment is made regarding a transaction to the moment it is settled.
The VWAP is an average calculated by taking the value of all trades in the last 15 minutes before the market close divided by the total traded shares of the company. If no trades occurred during the last 15 minutes the closing price will be the last normal price (trades above SAR 15,000) before the last 15 minutes.
In this method the closing price is set by an auction that takes place until 10 minutes after the close of normal trading. An equilibrium price is set during the closing auction on normal trades (trades over SAR 15,000). If there are no normal trades during auction the closing auction becomes the last traded price. If there are no trades during the day, the closing price becomes the previous day’s closing price.
A financial institution that holds customers securities for safeguarding to minimize the risk of their theft or loss. It can also be a clearing member for banks, corporations, foreign investors and institutional investors. They clear the trade by ensuring pay-in/pay-out of securities.
IT system used by stock markets to facilitation of clearing, settlement, safekeeping and registry functions.
A security or financial instrument whose value is determined by an underlying asset.
A settlement mechanism that links a securities transfer and a funds transfer in such a way that transfer occurs only if the payment occurs.
A member of an exchange providing trading services for investors.
A fund made up of a portfolio of shares that reflect the composition of an index. The fund is listed on a recognized exchange and trades like a normal security.
Securities that are traded on a stock exchange, the value of which is derived from underlying instruments like commodities, currencies, share prices or interest rates.
An exchange member providing trading services in deposited securities, custody services for which are provided by an independent custody member.
This occurs when a seller does not deliver securities or a buyer does not make payment by the settlement date.
This is similar to a futures contract except that it is privately negotiated.
The proportion of shares of a publicly traded company traded on a stock market.
A contractual agreement, to buy or sell a particular a particular commodity or financial instrument at a predetermined price in the future.
A standard classification system for equities developed jointly by Morgan Stanley Capital (MSCI) and Standard and Poor’s.
A derivative instrument to protect an investment from unfavourable changes in value.
A custody member providing custody services if trading services are provided by an execution broker.
A simulated portfolio of securities that represents a market or a portion of that market.
Buying or selling a security when having access to non-public information about that security.
Securities balance of an investor’s account free of pledge and other restrictions.
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A custody member appointed by lender for conducting securities borrowing and lending transactions.
An order to buy and sell stock at a specified price. This will set the maximum price a client is willing to pay as a buyer and the minimum price he is willing to accept as a seller.
How easily securities can be bought or sold on the market. A security is liquid if there are units available for large transactions to take place without substantial changes in price.
The risk that arises from the difficulty in buying or selling a security.
When a buyer cannot pay for securities within a specified period.
In the context of margin trading this is the minimum amount of equity that should be in the margin account. Equity is the total value of securities minus what has been borrowed from the brokerage firm.
This allows a person to borrow money from a broker to purchase securities. The customer will deposit money in the margin account and the broker will loan additional funds and the total could be used to purchase stock. This could be advantageous for the customer if the stock price appreciates. However, if the price declines the broker could require that the customer deposits additional funds within a short period or sell a portion of stock to offset all or a part of the difference between the security’s value and maintenance margin.
Securities law violations including insider trading, market manipulation or money laundering.
A member firm of an exchange that buys and securities for its own account (principal trades) and for customer accounts (agency trades) and who promotes liquidity in the market.
An individual or corporate body who has the right to trade in securities on an exchange on behalf on investors.
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The right (but not the obligation) to buy (a call option) or sell (a put option), a given amount of stock, commodity, currency, index or debt at a specified price (the strike price) during a specified period of time.
A financial derivative representing a contract by the option writer to the option holder.
If an order is not rejected at pre-order stage it is placed in the order book.
A security traded in some context other than a formal exchange, such as a dealer network.
The nominal value assigned to a security by the issuer.
Trading done before regular trading hours.
Checks that an exchange member performs before sending an order to the trading system.
Trading done after regular trading hours.
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The process of realigning the weightings of a portfolio of assets, by buying and selling, to maintain a desired level of asset allocation. It is often done on a quarterly basis.
An entity that performs registry functions and safekeeping functions, security settlement and cash netting.
A collateralized loan of securities from one party (lender) of transaction to another party (borrower).
Securities bought by the investor but not yet settled.
Securities sold by the investor but not yet settled.
This occurs if the exchange member was unable to provide the securities needed.
A Bank nominated by the custody member to facilitate cash settlement for this custody member.
A list of a company’s shareholders updated on an ongoing basis. The register includes each person’s name, address and the number of shares owned.
The practice of borrowing shares with the idea of returning them later. This is usually done when it is believed that the shares will fall in price, as the borrower could make a profit by selling the shares now and returning at a lower price.
The difference between the bid and the ask prices of a share; the difference between what a buyer is willing to pay and the seller is willing to sell. Trade execution When an order is matched with another order a trade is executed.
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The price movements of a stock or a market as a whole.
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